By 732 CE, the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate, with their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula well under way, had crossed the Pyrenees only to be defeated in France by Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours. With only 250 kilometers between Carthage in North Africa and the western Sicilian city of Trapani and just …
Tag Archives: Christianity
Conversion in Late Antiquity: Islam v. Christianity
Christianity and Islam are closely related religions, with the key differences between focusing mainly on their different understandings of Jesus and the latter’s emphasis on the prophesies of Muhammad. Although they are not the only Abrahamic faiths, they nevertheless spread rapidly in the century or two following their founding, and through today, their adherents make …
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Inevitable Historicity 